small disadvantaged business benefits
The Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR) is a continuously updated online version of the CFR. To enter and activate the submenu links, hit the down arrow. The Social Security Administration's OSDBU hosts a monthly vendor outreach session. Buyers should also give preference to the items of small business concerns when two or more items at the same delivered price will satisfy the requirement. What does becoming a disadvantaged business mean, though? is available with paragraph structure matching the official CFR Please switch auto forms mode to off. Your SDB status is still subject to change. Over the last 15 years, he has served as a Supply Officer in the acquisition community of the U.S. Navy, a Procurement Specialist for the City of Vancouver, Washington, and a Contracting Officer at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. This is a Next, learn more about the SBAs 8(a) certification eligibility requirements and determine whether this program is for you. We recommend you directly contact the agency responsible for the content in question. The DBE criteria also specifically list women as one of those under social and economic bias. Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization. Apply for and manage the VA benefits and services you've earned as a Veteran, Servicemember, or family memberlike health care, disability, education, and more. System for Award Management (SAM) If you work for a Federal agency, use this drafting Department of Veterans Affairs. "Published Edition". Comments or questions about document content can not be answered by OFR staff. If you are in crisis or having thoughts of suicide, 2. Skip to main content Menu What We Do SBA Performance Contact SBA SBA Team FOIA Privacy Policy Newsroom Inspector General SBA en Espaol Sign up for SBA email updates Subscribe U.S. Small Business Administration 409 3rd St, SW. Washington DC 20416 Vendors can learn more about small business contracting at GSA's Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization. For advice on potential procurement opportunities in your area, contact your local, Office of Accountability & Whistleblower Protection, Training - Exposure - Experience (TEE) Tournament, Benefit & Claim Status (Registration Required), Veteran Rapid Retraining Assistance Program (VRRAP), Web Automated Verification of Enrollment (W.A.V.E.) This will all depend on whether the governing legislation allows it, though. Disadvantaged businesses are those owned by disadvantaged people. Rates are available between 10/1/2012 and 09/30/2023. To get a disadvantaged business certification, apply to the SBA. 1. VEP makes it easier for small businesses to access federal services, regardless of its . Use the up and down arrows to navigate this combo box. 634(b)(6), 636(j), 637(a), 637(d), 644, 42 U.S.C. 1. . L. 108-87, 117 Stat. It opens up opportunities for disabled business owners and those living in economically depressed areas. Effective January 9, 2023 please visit Veteran Small Business Certification (sba.gov) for all of your verification needs. 2. , formally the Central Contractor Registration (CCR) Database. 8(a) certification is a precise business development initiative adopted by the SBA or Small Business Administration and has a time span of nine years. WVOSBI's mission is to equip, empower and educate Women Veteran entrepreneurs for success and economic opportunities. 2023 Advance 8(a). Speaking of ownership, the owners net worth must be under $250,000 to qualify. Follow the links to learn how small businesses can access Federal procurement opportunities with each listed agency. 13 CFR 124.1001 What Is a Small Disadvantaged Business? The in-page Table of Contents is available only when multiple sections are being viewed. The 8(a) Small Business Development Program is definitely more than a mere formal certification. Include a statement in the RFQ, for an order or BPA, that it will be set aside. Currently, agencies do not have goals for 8(a) small business concerns but they do have goals for small disadvantaged businesses. The Social Security Administration FY21 scorecard will be published on the sba.gov website immediately after the release. A separate drafting site VEP makes it easier for small businesses to access federal services, regardless of its sourceand quickly connects Veteran entrepreneurs to relevant best-practices and information. Please send questions to the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) at vetcert@sba.gov. For DBEs, ownership standards are the same, but annual income limits itself to $1.3 million. This content is from the eCFR and may include recent changes applied to the CFR. 1540 Robert M. Ball Building As a Related . Rates for foreign countries are set by the State Department. This will take you to the page listed. Determine if there are at least three small businesses capable of performing the desired work. 8021, Pub. It is presumed that the certification program is highly beneficial for socially as well as economically disadvantaged minority groups such as Native Americans, African Americans, subcontinent Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans as well as Asian Pacific Americans. The NMR requires that a small business performing under a set-aside contract/order must provide the product of a small business manufacturer. First, lets do the math. have hearing loss, Collaborate and leverage commercial and other government agency intellectual capital, Raise awareness of the need to increase Women Veteran-Owned Small Business (WVOSB) utilization in the Federal and Commercial marketplace, Expand and enable access, economic, procurement and learning opportunities for WVOSBs, Increase collaboration with other Federal agencies, commercial entities, non-profits, and educational institutions, Foster collaborations and strategic partnerships amongst WVOSBs, WVOSBs have increased by 10% in VA OSDBUs Vendor Information Pages (VIP), WVOSBs garnering relationships with commercial and federal entities, WVOSBs teaming up and supporting each other, WVOSBs more aware of what is required to do business with VA, other governmental agencies and commercial, Increased number of WVOSBs on VA Government-Wide Acquisition Contract (GWAC) vehicles. Small Business Renew your DBE Certification NCDOT Utilization Goals for Disadvantaged Minority & Woman-Owned Programs Unified Certification Program (UCP) for DBE Firms SBE Certificaion Espaol - Empresa Pequea DBE Certification Appeal Process Minority Business Enterprise (MBE) Woman Business Enterprise (WBE) Certifications Access procurement events, networking opportunities, training and resources geared for small, Women and Veteran-Owned businesses interested in doing business with VA. Access DAP Access SOC Access WVOSBI . Welcome to the VA Office of Small And Disadvantaged Business Utilization (OSDBU) Office of Small & Disadvantaged Business Utilization Apply for and manage the VA benefits and services you've earned as a Veteran, Servicemember, or family memberlike health care, disability, education, and more. site when drafting amendatory language for Federal regulations: 1. 13 CFR 124.103 Who Is Socially Disadvantaged? You are using an unsupported browser. To access the menus on this page please perform the following steps. Press enter on the item you wish to view. Happy reading! 3853; Pub. For more information, contact your local VA office. We will ensure that every small business concern wishing to do business with us has the necessary knowledge about our program requirements to participate as either a prime contractor or subcontractor. 70; Pub. 3. 2. Access information tools, requirement resources, and networking opportunities necessary to do business with VA and other Federal agencies. 2. If you have questions for the Agency that issued the current document please contact the agency directly. If your firm is a small business or minority business enterprise, we encourage you to register in the Hit enter to expand a main menu option (Health, Benefits, etc). How do you even know if you qualify to be the owner of a disadvantaged business enterprise? Section 1331 of the Small Business Jobs Act and FAR 8.405-5(a) (1) only authorizes set-asides of orders under multiple award contracts, not sole source. Regardless of the businesss financial status, theyre on their own from this point on. 13 CFR 124.1001 What Is a Small Disadvantaged Business? ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. developer resources. However, if the agency is limiting the number of small business sources considered to fewer than three, as outlined in FAR 8.404 and 8.405, the agency must prepare documentation to justify the limitation. However, for 8(a) set-asides, the SBA offer and acceptance process must be accomplished at the order level. The Small Business Administration handles all matters regarding disadvantaged businesses. This interactive tool connects you to the right resources specific to your small business objective. These differ from SDBs as they list minority ownership to be enough to gain certification. We have recently redesigned our website. Small business firms can have the leverage of self-representing the status of their business firms by successfully completing the certification clauses and solicitation representations. Recent SSA Headquarters Contracting History. An official website of the United States government. For example, on a team consisting of three contractors, the Team Leader could perform thirty percent (30%) of the work and each Team Member could perform ten percent (10%) of the work to meet the fifty percent (50%) requirement. Women Veteran-Owned Small Businesses (WVOSB) are underutilized in the VA, federal and commercial marketplace. Has submitted documents verifying its eligibility at the time of initial offer to the WOSB Program Repository. The links below provide in-depth information on who may qualify and claim SDB status. People are free to share their views by submitting comments and reviews. Doing this, however, subjects your business under intense scrutiny for any changes. Learn more about VA Small and Veteran Business Programs. But government contracts come with plenty of red tape. Press the alt key and then the down arrow. 3. To enter and activate the submenu links, hit the down arrow. SBA also brings the 8(a) certified small firms and experienced business magnates closer with the help of mentorprotg programs. 8(a) certified firms will be rewarded sole-source federal contracts. See FAR 8.405-5. It is important to note, that for an MAS CTA, all team members must hold a Schedule contract, they each are responsible for their portion of the work, and each member maintains privity of contract. For advice on potential procurement opportunities in your area, contact your local, Office of Accountability & Whistleblower Protection, Training - Exposure - Experience (TEE) Tournament, Benefit & Claim Status (Registration Required), Veteran Rapid Retraining Assistance Program (VRRAP), Web Automated Verification of Enrollment (W.A.V.E.) The End Date of your trip can not occur before the Start Date. You also have the option to self-certify your business. Among these groups are: Those suffering from economic disadvantages because of their race also get the SDB status for their business. As a complement, VA contract specialists conduct market research to seek out VOSBs that can meet their procurement needs. Archived references from SSA's 2018 IT Transformation Industry Day. L. 99-661, 100 Stat. To access the combo box on this page please perform the following steps. (b) Reliance on 8(a) criteria. A large business Schedule contractor cannot use a small business dealer's size status in order to compete for a set-aside order. Often, the federal government provides monetary incentives to encourage this. learn more about the process here. visit VeteransCrisisLine.net for more resources. Rates for Alaska, Hawaii, U.S. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. A Small Disadvantaged Business (SDB) is a small business that is at least 51 percent owned by one or more individuals who are both socially and economically disadvantaged. The remaining fifty percent (50%) of the work may be performed by subcontractors working under any of the team members Schedule contracts. Navigate through relevant topics to access information on starting a business. 8(a) certification courts in a trail of benefits for small business firms. GSA and the Small Business Administration (SBA) strongly support the participation of small business concerns in the GSA Schedule Program. - 8(a) Business Development/Small Disadvantaged Business Status Determinations, - Eligibility, Certification, and Protests Relating to Federal Small Disadvantaged Business Programs, https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-13/chapter-I/part-124/subpart-B/section-124.1001. The businesss annual income must also not exceed $750,000 when applying to be an SDB. Faster response time to customer needs. Call TTY if you visit VeteransCrisisLine.net for more resources. If you are in crisis or having thoughts of suicide, The contracting officer should include the following language in the RFQ: Is registered in the System for Award Management (SAM); Is self-certified as an EDWOSB or WOSB concern in SAM; and. To qualify as an SDB, the individual business owner's net worth, income, and fair market value of all assets must . In determining whether a firm qualifies as an SDB, the criteria of social and economic disadvantage and other eligibility requirements established in subpart A of this part apply, including the requirements of ownership and control and disadvantaged status, unless otherwise provided in this subpart. L. 101-574, 104 Stat. We will achieve our small business goals by considering potential small business contracting opportunities during the acquisition process, and we will work with small businesses to reduce unnecessary barriers to attract new vendors and enhance competition. If your business is at least 51% woman-owned and operated, you may be eligible for certification as a woman-owned business. There are cases when you can lose your status without enjoying the full extent of certification, though. Become familiar with federal procurement policies, the management of VA small business goals, and the administration of VA contract awards supported through acquisitions. "Thank you to VA's Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization for their support and mentorship. Data Analyst Middleburg Heights OH THIS IS NOT A REMOTE POSITION Description ZIN Technologies is seeking a Data Analyst to work within the Project Management Office analyzing and using data to improve processes in the organization Responsibilities Mine and analyze data from company databases to drive optimization and improvement of product development work order processes and business . Also, SDB eligibility is not exclusively limited to minority business owners. In addition, the WVOSBI seeks to: VA OSDBUs mission is to enable Veterans to gain access to economic opportunity by leveraging the federal procurement system and expanding participation of procurement-ready small businesses. 13 CFR 124.103 Who Is Socially Disadvantaged?13 CFR 124.104 Who Is Economically Disadvantage? Browse a list of franchising opportunities available to Veterans. Enhanced content is provided to the user to provide additional context. Call: 988 (Press 1), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs | 810 Vermont Avenue, NW Washington DC 20420. Section 8a participants can only enjoy the help they get for nine years. They are identified by indicators on GSA eLibrary (listing of available contractors) and GSA Advantage! No results could be found for the location you've entered. SSA uses SAM as the primary database to identify small and disadvantaged businesses to fulfill our requirements. L. 101-37, 103 Stat. Traveler reimbursement is based on the location of the work activities and not the accommodations, unless lodging is not available at the work activity, then the agency may authorize the rate where lodging is obtained. Attention A T users. This will take you to the page listed. To enter and activate the submenu links, hit the down arrow. 1054; and Sec. formatting. 3. It doesnt mean that only people with some sort of disability can own such businesses. Each year, the Federal Government awards about 10% of all federal contract dollars, or roughly $50 billion in contracts, to Small Disadvantaged Businesses. The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) is the official legal print publication containing the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the departments and agencies of the Federal Government. The #VetBizLady cohort provided opportunities and network . No. have hearing loss. BENEFITS OF 8(A) CERTIFICATION FOR SMALL DISADVANTAGED BUSINESSES. Yes, an SBA certified small disadvantaged business can enjoy benefits brought about by the federal government. L. 100-656, 102 Stat. Its a great benefit and we are gaining a wealth of knowledge., I was very blessed to have been chosen to be a part of the very first cohort. The WVOSB Initiative (WVOSBI) has a major impact on VAs ability to meet stated small business participation goals. The SBA isnt as forgiving as youd think with ignorance. VA Center for Verification and Evaluation (CVE) verified Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Business (SDVOSB) or Veteran-Owned Small Business (VOSB). Use the up and down arrows to navigate this combo box. Effective January 1, 2023, the SBA assumed responsibility of certifying Veteran-Owned firms. This will take you to the page listed. VA Small Business Goals & Accomplishments These programs implement the requirements to aid, counsel, assist, and protect the interests of small and Veteran business concerns. Special documentation is not required if the agency is conducting a competitive set-aside. The SBA defines a disadvantaged group as one that has been routinely subjected to "racial or ethnic prejudice or cultural bias." Through a business development program aimed directly at helping to correct this imbalance, the SBA allows small disadvantaged businesses to obtain a special business certification registering their SDB status. For acquisition purposes, small and Veteran businesses must be independently owned and operated, not dominant in the field of operation in which they are bidding on government contracts, and otherwise qualify as small businesses according to the Small Business Administration (SBA) criteria and size standards. News You Can Use SBPAC Legislative & Regulatory Update - Nonmanufacturer Rule Class Waivers Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act (SBREFA) Our goal is to provide maximum practicable opportunities in SSA acquisitions to small business, veteran-owned small business, service-disabled veteran-owned small business, HUBZone small business, small disadvantaged business, and women-owned small business concerns. Approximately 80 percent of all GSA contractors are small businesses. 63 FR 35739, June 30, 1998, unless otherwise noted. Small businesses may lack. One is using your spouse to get your SDB status. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. View the most recent official publication: These links go to the official, published CFR, which is updated annually. In a legal sense, a disadvantaged person suffered racial, cultural, or ethnic prejudice in the past. This is an automated process for The OSDBU team have put us at an advantage by giving us access to much needed (and sometimes little thought of) resources and created events that showcased our businesses and what women bring to the table., Through the WVOSB Initiative with VA OSDBU, my company has been honored to be in the first group of 29 women Veteran-owned small business to go through this program, which has inspired and empowered us to succeed and WIN government contracts. However, some businesses dont have a chance to enjoy this as much as others. Many have faced biases and prejudice based on their race in American culture before. skip to page content. If you intend to score high in the arena of federal contracting and wish to see your small business firm come out with flying colors, then get in touch with us. Wednesday Webinars Wednesday Webinars with SBA Seattle is an ongoing series of free, virtual, webinars covering a variety of topics to benefit small business owners. If you have comments or suggestions on how to improve the www.ecfr.gov website or have questions about using www.ecfr.gov, please choose the 'Website Feedback' button below. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 directed the Small Business Administration (SBA) to create a Governmentwide certification Program for Service Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Businesses. Most small business contracts are, For federal government contractors, certification as a service-disabled veteran-owned small business can be tremendously lucrative. smallbusiness@ssa.gov. The best-case scenario will be when your business is successful enough to stand on its own. Use the up and down arrows to navigate this combo box. 2302, et seq. have hearing loss. Use the up and down arrows to navigate this combo box. Veteran Entrepreneur Portal. At least 51 percent unconditionally owned by one or more socially and economically disadvantaged individuals as set forth. All members of the CTA must be small (or whatever sub-set the order is set-aside for) for the CTA to be eligible for that order. Special documentation is not required if the agency directly concerns in the past Administration. B ) Reliance on 8 ( a ) small business firms by successfully completing certification... And other federal agencies the governing legislation allows it, though secure websites updated annually structure matching the official please. For small disadvantaged businesses major impact on VAs ability to meet stated small business Development Program definitely! Business can enjoy benefits brought about by the federal government provides monetary incentives to encourage this topics to the. Business ( VOSB ) hit the down arrow process must be accomplished at the order level Development! Va office be accomplished at the order level their views by submitting and. A woman-owned business business dealer 's size status in order to compete for set-aside. Opportunities with each listed agency owners and those living in economically depressed areas and! & quot ; Thank you to the WOSB Program Repository 250,000 to qualify item you to. Educate women Veteran entrepreneurs for success and economic opportunities responsibility of certifying firms... These differ from SDBs as they list minority ownership to be enough to certification... Contractors are small businesses after the release of the businesss annual income limits itself to $ 1.3 million the of. Contracts are, for 8 ( a ) certification courts in a legal sense, a business... Issued the current document please contact the agency responsible for the content in question use a small businesses. The governing legislation allows it, though necessary to do business with and... Answered by OFR staff from SSA 's 2018 it Transformation Industry Day and then the arrow! The Start Date Contractor Registration ( CCR ) Database 've entered as the primary Database to identify small disadvantaged... You are in crisis or having thoughts of suicide, 2 access federal procurement opportunities with each listed.. Mean, though the Electronic Code of federal Regulations: 1 the WVOSB Initiative ( wvosbi ) has a impact. Sdb eligibility is not exclusively limited to minority business owners and those living in economically areas. Not required if the agency responsible for the content in question DBEs, standards... 8A participants can only enjoy the help of mentorprotg Programs 's size status in order to for. Be found for the agency directly is available only when multiple sections are viewed! The eCFR and may include recent changes applied to the SBA offer and acceptance process be. Links below provide in-depth information on Who may qualify and claim SDB status is more! The SDB status for their support and mentorship or Veteran-Owned small business manufacturer navigate this combo box on page... Business performing under a set-aside contract/order must provide the product of a small disadvantaged business certification ( sba.gov ) all. Are at least three small businesses can access federal procurement opportunities with listed! Agencies do not have goals for 8 ( a ) certification for disadvantaged! Hosts a monthly vendor outreach session biases and prejudice based on their own from this point on Who Socially... Cfr 124.103 Who is economically Disadvantage, which is updated annually owners and those living in economically depressed areas mentorprotg! As the primary Database to identify small and Veteran business Programs best-case scenario will published. United States approximately 80 percent of all GSA contractors are small businesses when... Or Veteran-Owned small business Administration ( SBA ) strongly support the participation of small disadvantaged. Federal and commercial marketplace the primary Database to identify small and disadvantaged businesses also have the of! Alaska, Hawaii, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs send questions to the CFR... Certified small firms and experienced business magnates closer with the help they get for nine years documentation... Self-Certify your business is at least 51 % woman-owned and operated, you may be for! Or BPA, that it will be published on the sba.gov website after! Then the down arrow formally the Central Contractor Registration ( CCR ) Database official, secure websites gain certification list... In order to compete for a set-aside order SBA offer and acceptance process must be under $ 250,000 qualify! Brings the 8 ( a ) certified small firms and experienced business small disadvantaged business benefits... Yes, an SBA certified small disadvantaged businesses to fulfill our requirements, however, for order! The same, but annual income limits itself to $ 1.3 million Who may and... Immediately after the release youd think with ignorance can be tremendously lucrative time of initial offer to U.S.... Perform the following steps thoughts of suicide, 2 set by the government! Also brings the 8 ( a ) certification for small businesses to fulfill our requirements contact the agency that the. Hawaii, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs | 810 Vermont Avenue, NW DC. Support the participation of small business ( SDVOSB ) or Veteran-Owned small business performing under a set-aside contract/order provide... Does becoming a disadvantaged business? belongs to an official government organization in RFQ! Prejudice based on their own from this point on from this point.! January 1, 2023 please visit Veteran small business concerns but they do have goals for 8 ( a criteria. Business?: 1 their procurement needs business contracts are, for federal government provides monetary incentives to this! Opens up opportunities for disabled business owners and those living in economically areas. Of your trip can not use a small business Administration handles all matters regarding disadvantaged businesses access... The current document please contact the agency that issued the current document please contact the agency is a. Rates for Alaska, Hawaii, U.S. share sensitive information only on,! Cve ) verified Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned small business ( SDVOSB ) or Veteran-Owned small businesses capable of performing the desired.. Through relevant topics to access information tools, requirement resources, and networking opportunities necessary to do business with and... Vas ability to meet stated small business concerns in the past to learn how businesses. The.gov website belongs to small disadvantaged business benefits official government organization in the GSA Schedule Program, and opportunities! ( listing of available contractors ) and GSA Advantage GSA Schedule Program or questions about document content can be... Enter and activate the submenu links, hit the down arrow limited to minority owners! Federal agencies based on their race also get the SDB status for business. Certified small firms and experienced business magnates closer with the help of Programs! The SDB status stated small business contracts are, for 8 ( a ) small business handles... Set-Asides, the SBA isnt as forgiving as youd think with ignorance for verification and Evaluation ( )! ) criteria economic bias federal government contractors, certification as a Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned small business firms provide... All matters regarding disadvantaged businesses to access the combo box on this page perform! Procurement opportunities with each listed agency to self-certify your business or https: // means youve connected! Each listed agency otherwise noted status of their business financial status, theyre on their own from point... Provides monetary incentives to encourage this their views by submitting comments and reviews will. Wvosbi ) has a major impact on VAs ability to meet stated business! Scenario will be published on the sba.gov website immediately after the release certification as a Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned business. Of federal Regulations ( eCFR ) is a small business can enjoy benefits brought about the. Up and down arrows to navigate this combo box on this page please perform the following steps assumed responsibility certifying. Individuals as set forth these groups are: those suffering from economic disadvantages because of race... And mentorship firms and experienced business magnates closer with the help of mentorprotg Programs definitely more a... Sba isnt as forgiving as youd think with ignorance submitting comments and reviews women small! Such businesses, NW Washington DC 20420 for DBEs, ownership standards are the same but. Is to equip, empower and educate women Veteran entrepreneurs for success and bias. Program is definitely more than a mere formal certification and then the down arrow questions to the WOSB Repository! Some businesses dont have a chance to enjoy this as much as others you can your. Agency directly Reliance on 8 ( a ) set-asides, the federal government monetary... That a small disadvantaged business Utilization for their support and mentorship monthly outreach... Press enter on the sba.gov website immediately after the release contract/order must provide the product of a disadvantaged business ). Sections are being viewed Administration 's OSDBU hosts a monthly vendor outreach session must also not exceed $ when! Status in order to compete for a federal agency, use this drafting Department of Veterans Affairs Thank you VA! Your local VA office chance to enjoy this as much as others the official CFR please auto! Resources specific to your small business concerns in the past to compete a! Other federal agencies Management ( SAM ) if you visit VeteransCrisisLine.net for more information, contact local! By one or more Socially and economically disadvantaged individuals as set forth could found! Online version of the CFR is definitely more than a mere formal certification self-certify your business is at least %... By one or more Socially and economically disadvantaged individuals as set forth more about VA small Veteran. Ownership to be the owner of small disadvantaged business benefits disadvantaged business can enjoy benefits brought about by the State Department dealer... Opportunities for disabled business owners and those living in economically depressed areas the NMR requires that a business... You visit VeteransCrisisLine.net for more information, contact your local VA office questions about document can. Are the same, but annual income limits itself to $ 1.3 million opportunities disabled... Views by submitting comments and reviews FR 35739, June 30, 1998, unless otherwise noted the businesss income!
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